2018 World History 2nd Semester Final Exam

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Some names have alternate spellings, so be alert. Good luck, and may the Force be with you!

Where is the Arabian Peninsula located?

a.	the northwest corner of Asia	c.	the northeast corner of Asia
b.	the southeast corner of Asia	d.	the southwest corner of Asia

Why do geographers call Arabia a “crossroads” location?

a.	It is home to very few cultures or people.
b.	Trade routes linking Africa, Asia, and Europe run through it.
c.	People from many different cultures live there.
d.	It is where Islam, Christianity, and Judaism started.

Which physical feature dominates the landscape of Arabia?

a.	marshy land	c.	fertile oases
b.	sandy deserts	d.	large mountains

A nomad was a person who

a.	traveled from place to place.	c.	sold cooking supplies and clothing.
b.	farmed and raised animals.	d.	settled in an oasis.

In terms of importance to Arabian nomads, which concern would you rank first?

a.	getting food and water for their animals
b.	finding shelter for themselves
c.	visiting oases frequently
d.	making deals with traders for supplies

But as Muhammad was growing up, many rich merchants began to ignore the poor and keep their wealth for themselves.

In what way did Muhammad react to these changes?

a.	He became concerned but did nothing about them.
b.	He went on a pilgrimage to the shrine in Mecca.
c.	He prayed and meditated in the hills outside Mecca.
d.	He left Mecca and traveled to Jerusalem.

Which of the following events happened first?

a.	Muhammad began to tell people about messages from God.
b.	Muhammad taught that there was only one God.
c.	Muhammad received messages from God through an angel.
d.	Muhammad meditated in a cave outside Mecca.

What was the most important difference between Muhammad’s teachings and the beliefs of other Arabs?

a.	Muhammad taught that people should be kind to the poor.
b.	Muhammad taught that there was only one God.
c.	Muhammad taught that there were many gods.
d.	Muhammad taught that people should make pilgrimages to Kaaba.

What did the early followers of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all have in common?

a.	They all believed that Muhammad was a prophet.
b.	They all believed that Jesus was the son of God.
c.	They all believed that there were many gods.
d.	They all believed that there was only one God.

10.

Before they heard Muhammad’s teachings, many Arabs visited the Kaaba in Mecca each year to

a.	worship their gods.	c.	trade at its large marketplace.
b.	give money to the poor of Mecca.	d.	show their devotion to Islam.

11.

Which of the following best summarizes how Muhammad’s teachings affected the people of Arabia?

a.	The teachings made people want to be merchants.
b.	The teachings had very little effect on the people.
c.	The teachings made people turn to Christianity.
d.	The teachings challenged and upset many people.

12.

In what way is the Qur´an similar to holy books of other religions?

a.	It describes guidelines for moral behavior.
b.	It states that Islam is the true religion.
c.	It prohibits owning slaves.
d.	It describes the life of Muhammad.

13.

Which of the following is the central teaching of Islam?

a.	Allah will grant life in paradise to all who obey him.
b.	Allah is the only God and Muhammad is his prophet.
c.	On the final day Allah will judge all people.
d.	Muslims must wash before praying to be pure before Allah.

14.

All of the following are rules described in the Qur´an except

a.	Muslims may not drink alcohol.	c.	Muslims must wash before praying.
b.	Muslims may not eat pork.	d.	Muslims must ignore the hadith.

15.

Which of the following is not an Islamic belief?

a.	Moses was a prophet.	c.	Allah is the only God.
b.	Muhammad was the son of God.	d.	Abraham was a prophet.

16.

The Sunnah is based on the

a.	hadith.	c.	Qur´an.
b.	Shariah.	d.	Five Pillars of Islam.

17.

Which of the following best summarizes the Five Pillars of Islam?

a.	They are stories about the life of Muhammad.
b.	They are the basis for law in Muslim countries.
c.	They are acts of worship required of all Muslims.
d.	They are rules about how Muslims should treat others.

18.

Which of the following can you infer from the fifth pillar of Islam?

a.	Other religions do not require their believers to fast.
b.	Mecca is important to Muslims.
c.	Muhammad’s home was in Medina.
d.	There are no cities that are holy to Islam.

19.

Which of the following best describes why Islamic law is important to Muslims?

a.	It helps people live according to their religious values.
b.	It says what Muslims should not eat or drink.
c.	It is a written record of the life of Muhammad.
d.	It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam.

20.

The Qur´an and the Sunnah both form the basis for

a.	the hadith.	c.	Islamic law.
b.	the hajj.	d.	jihad.

21.

After Muhammad’s death, the title given to Islam’s highest leaders was

a.	successor.	c.	sultan.
b.	caliph.	d.	emperor.

22.

Which area was conquered by the Muslims last?

a.	the Persian Empire	c.	North Africa
b.	the Byzantine Empire	d.	Spain

23.

Muslims showed tolerance by

a.	accepting other people’s religious beliefs.
b.	converting others to Islam.
c.	allowing only Christians to practice their religion.
d.	conquering the Berbers.

24.

In what way were Córdoba and Baghdad similar?

a.	They were both located in what is now Iraq.
b.	They both had public water and lighting systems.
c.	They were both centers of culture and learning.
d.	They both exported valuable textiles and jewelry.

25.

What was the most important factor in the spread of Islam during the 600s?

a.	trading with non-Muslims	c.	translating Arabic texts into Latin
b.	producing Islamic art	d.	conquering non-Muslims

26.

What was the result of the exchange of beliefs and customs between Muslims and the people they conquered?

a.	Islam became less popular.
b.	Different cultures blended together.
c.	The Muslim Empire decreased in size.
d.	Trade became less important.

27.

In what way were the effects of trade and tolerance on the Muslim world similar?

a.	They both allowed other cultures to influence the Muslim world.
b.	They both made new products available to Muslims.
c.	They both caused Muslims to ignore the influence of other cultures.
d.	They both caused Islam to stop spreading.

28.

Which Ottoman leader became known as “the Conqueror”?

a.	Suleyman I	c.	Esma’il
b.	Mehmed II	d.	´Abbas

29.

During Suleyman I’s rule, the Ottoman Empire

a.	took control of the Eastern Mediterranean and parts of Europe.
b.	defeated the Byzantine Empire.
c.	turned the Hagia Sophia church into a mosque.
d.	expanded into Anatolia and conquered Syria and Egypt.

30.

Which of the following best describes the Ottoman Empire between 1453 and 1566?

a.	It greatly expanded its power and territories.
b.	It lost many battles and territories.
c.	It became too large to be ruled from the capital.
d.	It united all of the Muslim empires.

31.

Akbar’s tolerant religious policy helped

a.	convert more people to Islam.
b.	unify the Mughal Empire.
c.	end the warfare between Hindus and Muslims.
d.	establish the Mughal Empire in 1526.

32.

Which of the following best describes how the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire were similar?

a.	They both were blends of different cultures.
b.	They both encouraged people to learn Urdu.
c.	They both were made up of Turkish Muslims.
d.	They both made Shiism their official religion.

33.

Which of the following is true of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires?

a.	They were ruled by leaders called shahs.
b.	They practiced religious tolerance throughout their entire history.
c.	They tried to expand their territory through warfare.
d.	They wanted to convert other Muslims to Shiism.

34.

In terms of importance to the spread of knowledge in the Islamic world, which would you rank first?

a.	The scholars made advances in math and science.
b.	The scholars spoke different languages.
c.	The scholars came from different cultures.
d.	The scholars all understood Arabic.

35.

Muslim calligraphy was a combination of

a.	science and mathematics.	c.	art and science.
b.	art and religion.	d.	astronomy and geography.

36.

Minarets were used to

a.	store Islamic texts.	c.	call Muslims to prayer.
b.	hold translations of poetry.	d.	decorate mosques.

37.

Which of the following is true of Muslim art and architecture?

a.	They became more important than religion in the Muslim world.
b.	Muslims were only interested in them if they helped spread Islam.
c.	They were both influenced in some way by the Muslim religion.
d.	Islam would not have spread without them.

PRACTICING SOCIAL STUDIES SKILLS
Study the information below and answer the question that follows.

38.

What can you infer about the journey from Ctesiphon to Medina?

a.	It was slower than a journey from Ctesiphon to Mecca.
b.	People who made the trip were very wealthy.
c.	It was a difficult journey through a harsh climate.
d.	People did not take this route because it was too dangerous.

39.

What is one activity that monks probably did?

a.	riding horses	c.	ruling territories
b.	bartering goods	d.	reading and writing

40.

On which point did Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV agree?

a.	Bishops should decide who would be the emperor.
b.	Priests should be considered more powerful than kings.
c.	Kings should have more influence over the churches than priests.
d.	Bishops should be chosen by the leader whose power came from God.

41.

What did Machiavelli think about people in general?

a.	They are greedy.	c.	They are loyal to what they love.
b.	They want to be loved.	d.	They want rulers they are afraid of.

42.

Which geographic feature covers most of southern Europe?

a.	forests	c.	plains
b.	mountains	d.	lakes

43.

Because northern Europeans lived on rich, fertile plains, they

a.	farmed a variety of crops.	c.	raised sheep and goats.
b.	grew grapes and olives.	d.	planted many trees and shrubs.

44.

The geography and climates of northern and southern Europe caused

a.	both areas to develop similar ways of life.
b.	each area to build cities on islands for protection.
c.	both areas to develop a feudal system.
d.	each area to develop a different way of life.

45.

How did the peninsulas of southern Europe affect the way people lived?

a.	People on the peninsulas raised goats and sheep.
b.	People on the peninsulas grew grapes and olives.
c.	People on the peninsulas became great seafarers and traders.
d.	People on the peninsulas became farmers.
e.	People built undersea fortresses defended by sea monsters.

46.

Southern Europe was invaded by raiders less often than northern Europe because it had more

a.	mountains.	c.	peninsulas.
b.	rivers.	d.	plains.

47.

Which element of European geography contributed to the development of feudalism?

a.	the rivers, which allowed the Vikings to attack inland cities
b.	the mountains, which prevented Viking raids
c.	the ocean, which prevented attacks from the west
d.	the forests, which allowed raiders to move secretly

48.

The people who were most important in spreading Christianity throughout Europe were

a.	the monks, missionaries, and knights.
b.	Saint Benedict, Saint Patrick, and the monks.
c.	Saint Patrick, Saint Benedict, and Charlemagne.
d.	the popes, missionaries, and monks.

49.

Saint Patrick

a.	was an Italian monk from the 500s.
b.	converted the Irish to Christianity.
c.	created rules for how monks should live.
d.	helped Charlemagne conquer parts of Europe.

50.

Monks and missionaries were similar in that they both

a.	traveled to spread Christian teachings.
b.	lived apart from society in isolated communities.
c.	followed the guidelines of Saint Benedict.
d.	helped spread Christian teachings to new areas.

51.

Which of the following was not a way in which monks contributed to medieval society?

a.	running schools	c.	serving as scribes to rulers
b.	collecting ancient writings	d.	defending the pope

52.

Who built a European empire and was crowned Emperor of the Romans in 800?

a.	Clovis	c.	Pope Leo III
b.	Saint Patrick	d.	Charlemagne

53.

What can you infer about Charlemagne from his accomplishments?

a.	He was interested in spreading feudalism.
b.	He was not very concerned with education.
c.	He did not think religion was important.
d.	He wanted to gain great power in Europe.

54.

In what way were Charlemagne’s empire and the old Roman Empire similar?

a.	Neither gained new territory through warfare.
b.	Both existed during the 700s and 800s.
c.	Neither was governed by a Christian ruler.
d.	Both included large parts of Europe.

55.

The invaders from Scandinavia who attacked Europe during the 700s and 800s were called

a.	Vikings.	c.	samurai.
b.	Muslims.	d.	Magyars.

56.

The Viking, Magyar, and Muslim invasions of Europe directly caused the development of the

a.	manor system.	c.	Benedictine rules.
b.	code of chivalry.	d.	feudal system.

57.

Which of the following is the best prediction of what might have happened if the Vikings had not invaded Europe?

a.	Knights would have been unable to find work to do.
b.	Nobles would not have needed knights to protect them.
c.	Serfs would not have been needed to farm the lands of nobles.
d.	Peasants would have been hired to protect the lands of nobles.

58.

What did knights receive in exchange for their pledge of loyalty to a lord?

a.	a weapon	c.	an income
b.	a fief	d.	a title

59.

The main duty of a vassal was to

a.	run his lord’s estate.	c.	farm land owned by nobles.
b.	advise the king.	d.	fight to defend his lord’s land.

60.

Feudalism began to spread to Britain soon after

a.	Charlemagne was crowned Emperor of the Romans.
b.	the Vikings began raiding northern Europe.
c.	William the Conqueror invaded Britain.
d.	Eleanor of Aquitaine married King Henry II of England.

61.

A manor was a large estate owned by a

a.	knight or lord.	c.	peasant or farmer.
b.	knight or peasant.	d.	daimyo or samurai.

62.

The manor system evolved because

a.	new technology increased the size of harvests.
b.	knights could not work their own fields.
c.	the population in Europe increased.
d.	rocky terrain in southern Europe made farming difficult.

63.

Which best summarizes the manor system?

a.	Lords gave land to peasants for them to farm.
b.	Vassals pledged loyalty to one or more lords.
c.	Lords gave fiefs to knights in exchange for protection.
d.	Serfs farmed lands owned by lords.

64.

Which of the following best summarizes how feudalism reached Britain?

a.	William the Conqueror conquered England and rewarded his knights with land there.
b.	Frankish knights introduced feudalism to Britain in the 1000s.
c.	Charlemagne made Britain part of his empire and established feudalism there.
d.	Eleanor of Aquitaine married King Louis VII of England and moved her vassals there.

65.

Which of the following happened after Europe’s population began to increase during the Middle Ages?

a.	Feudalism increased.	c.	Feudalism declined.
b.	The manor system spread.	d.	Trade decreased.

66.

The growth of European cities around the year 1000 was caused by

a.	the increase of population and trade.	c.	the end of the manor system.
b.	the decrease of Viking raids.	d.	the spread of Christianity.

67.

What was the most important similarity between knights and samurai?

a.	They received land for their service.
b.	They both pledged loyalty to lords.
c.	They practiced the same religion.
d.	They both had peasants working their lands.
e.	Neither could use The Force, like Jedi Knights.

68.

Samurai warriors and European knights both followed codes of behavior that emphasized

a.	personal fulfillment.	c.	respect for nature.
b.	loyalty.	d.	vengeance.

69.

During the Middle Ages, power in Europe shifted from nobles to

a.	knights and peasants.	c.	kings and popes.
b.	merchants and traders.	d.	monks and priests.

70.

All of the following were duties and powers of popes during the Middle Ages except

a.	deciding when someone was acting against the church.
b.	writing letters to explain religious teachings.
c.	providing guidance on how to live and pray.
d.	forging treaties with religious leaders of other regions.

71.

Medieval Christians feared excommunication because they believed that

a.	those cast out from the church had to leave their village.
b.	those cast out from the church would not get into heaven.
c.	those cast out from the church could not get work.
d.	those cast out from the church could not own property.

72.

Which leader benefited from cooperating with the pope?

a.	Emperor Henry IV	c.	William the Conqueror
b.	the bishop of Constantinople	d.	Charlemagne

73.

A split in the Christian Church started in the 1000s because

a.	people in western Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.
b.	some bishops were selected by kings while some were named by the pope.
c.	bishops in eastern Europe refused to recognize the authority of the pope.
d.	some kings encouraged strict adherence to the faith while some did not.

74.

As popes tried to increase their power, they came into conflict with

a.	kings.	c.	bishops.
b.	nobles.	d.	invaders.

75.

Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV disagreed about

a.	how serfs and peasants should be treated in feudal society.
b.	who should select bishops.
c.	where in Europe the church headquarters should be located.
d.	who could excommunicate people.

76.

Why were the Crusades fought?

a.	to bring the eastern bishops back under the pope’s control
b.	to protect European territory from invading Muslims
c.	to unite the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
d.	to gain control of Jerusalem (Palestine), the Holy Land

77.

During the Crusades, Christians fought against

a.	Muslims.	c.	the Byzantine Empire.
b.	Germans.	d.	other Christians.

78.

Which of the following happened first?

a.	Peasant Crusaders attacked Jews in Germany.
b.	Saladin successfully defended Jerusalem against King Richard I.
c.	Crusaders attacked Constantinople.
d.	Pope Urban II called on Christians to fight the Muslim Turks.

79.

The Byzantine emperor asked the pope for help because

a.	Muslim Turks threatened Constantinople.
b.	tension between Christians and Jews was growing.
c.	Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem.
d.	Europeans had been attacked in the Holy Land.

80.

What was the outcome of the Crusades?

a.	The Holy Land came under Christian control.
b.	The Holy Land remained under Muslim control.
c.	The Holy Land was destroyed and abandoned.
d.	The Holy Land was divided by the two sides.

81.

One reason Christian Crusaders lost the Holy Land was that

a.	they didn’t have the support of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
b.	they didn’t understand the reason for the conflict.
c.	they lacked support from kings and nobles.
d.	they traveled long distances to the battles.

82.

Which of the following occurred as a result of the Crusades?

a.	Contact between Jews, Christians, and Muslims was peaceful.
b.	Feudalism spread to Asia and Northern Africa.
c.	Trade between Europe and Asia increased.
d.	Kings became less powerful.

83.

After the Crusades, the Byzantines distrusted western Christians because

a.	the Christians had attacked Jews.
b.	the Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire.
c.	the Crusaders sacked Constantinople.
d.	Pope Urban II did not send them help.

84.

What was the most important result of the Crusades?

a.	European kings increased their power.
b.	Popes increased their power.
c.	Muslims and Christians gained respect for one another.
d.	Trade and exchange of ideas between Europe and Asia increased.

85.

In medieval society, markets, festivals, and religious ceremonies took place at a

a.	manor house.	c.	local church.
b.	monastery.	d.	university.

86.

What is a pilgrim?

a.	a person who journeys to a religious location
b.	a person who works to convert people to Christianity
c.	a clergy member who lives with the general public
d.	a clergy member who takes a vow of silence

87.

Where did friars live?

a.	monasteries	c.	universities
b.	villages	d.	churches

88.

How were the lives of friars different from the lives of monks?

a.	Monks were teachers; friars were not.
b.	Friars were allowed to marry; monks were not.
c.	Friars lived with the general public; monks lived apart in monasteries.
d.	Monks lived in monasteries; friars lived in convents.

89.

Who played the biggest role in creating the first universities in Europe?

a.	Muslim scholars	c.	noble landowners
b.	kings and queens	d.	church leaders

90.

Which of the following best explains why Gothic cathedrals were symbols of Christian faith?

a.	They were filled with beautiful objects.	c.	They were taller than other churches.
b.	They were towering and majestic.	d.	Bishops held services there.

91.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?

a.	high ceilings	c.	small altars
b.	plain windows	d.	central domes

92.

Most art and architecture created in the Middle Ages was

a.	inspired by the lives of kings.	c.	created by clergy members.
b.	based on natural law.	d.	concerned with religious expression.

93.

Why did nobles make King John sign Magna Carta in 1215?

a.	They wanted to assert the authority of the pope.
b.	They wanted to separate church and state.
c.	They wanted to replace him with a different ruler.
d.	They wanted to limit the king’s power.

94.

The English did all of the following to protect their rights except

a.	create a council called Parliament.
b.	abolish the monarchy.
c.	free the court system of the king’s control.
d.	require everyone to obey the law.

95.

What started the Hundred Years’ War?

a.	Muslims invaded Europe.
b.	The Holy Roman Empire split.
c.	The king of England invaded France.
d.	The pope had a fight with the king of France.
e.	The Rebels blew up the Death Star.

96.

France won the Hundred Years’ War because of the efforts of

a.	Pope Leo IX.	c.	Queen Isabella.
b.	King John.	d.	Joan of Arc.

97.

In what way was England different from France after the Hundred Years’ War?

a.	The English king lost power while the French king gained power.
b.	England’s population was smaller than that of France.
c.	English peasants went to cities while French peasants remained in the country.
d.	The English converted to Protestantism while the French remained Roman Catholic.

98.

People caught the Black Death through contact with

a.	rats.	c.	fleas.
b.	flies.	d.	birds.

99.

From 1347 to 1351, the plague

a.	spread from Europe to Asia.	c.	stayed confined to western Europe.
b.	strengthened the manor system.	d.	reduced Europe’s population by a third.

100.

How did life change for surviving peasants and serfs after the plague?

a.	They began to demand wages for their labor.
b.	They moved from towns to the country.
c.	They had to work much longer days.
d.	They took over the manors.

101.

Whose rule in Spain ended in 1002?

a.	the pope’s	c.	Jewish elders’
b.	the French king’s	d.	Muslim Moors’

102.

The marriage of Isabella and Ferdinand

a.	united France and England.	c.	united Castile and Aragon.
b.	united Moors and Christians.	d.	united Jews and Christians.

103.

The main goal of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand was to

a.	conquer land in France.
b.	make the pope recognize their authority.
c.	end feudalism throughout their territory.
d.	make all of Spain Christian.

104.

What was the purpose of the Spanish Inquisition?

a.	to expel all Muslim spies from the country
b.	to reveal and stop church corruption and waste
c.	to punish and kill heretics and non-Christians in Spain
d.	to find and burn places afflicted with the plague

105.

During the Middle Ages, Jews

a.	were discriminated against throughout Europe.
b.	controlled territory in much of Europe.
c.	had a strong alliance with Muslims.
d.	began several important universities.

106.

Which of the following describes one effect of Marco Polo’s journey to China?

a.	Marco Polo became the emperor of Japan.
b.	Marco Polo was made a government official in China.
c.	Marco Polo helped protect travelers and traders on the trade route to China.
d.	Marco Polo became an important banker.

107.

Venice was famous for

a.	producing silk cloth.	c.	manufacturing woolen cloth.
b.	manufacturing weapons.	d.	producing glass.

108.

The Mongols helped increase trade between Europe and Asia by

a.	staying isolated from people from other countries.
b.	increasing the prices of goods.
c.	making the Silk Road safe to travel again.
d.	building ports and harbors.

109.

One important feature that Venice and Genoa shared was that

a.	both were located near the Silk Road.
b.	both were important port cities on the Mediterranean Sea.
c.	both produced fine glass, weapons, and silk.
d.	both were centers of learning during the Middle Ages.

110.

Which event occurred first?

a.	Marco Polo and his family travel from Venice to China.
b.	Marco Polo visits India and Southeast Asia.
c.	Kublai Khan appoints Marco Polo to be a government official.
d.	The Mongol dynasty takes over China and makes the roads safer.

111.

Which of the following best describes Cosimo de´ Medici?

a.	a wealthy merchant who supported the arts
b.	a ruler of the Papal States
c.	a Renaissance scientist who helped build the foundations of modern astronomy
d.	a powerful ruler of Florence who valued education and culture

112.

How do prices affect trade?

a.	When prices are low, trade decreases.
b.	When prices are high, trade does not change.
c.	When prices are high, trade increases.
d.	When prices are low, trade increases.

113.

Which of the following ideas was not part of humanism?

a.	Ancient Greek and Roman writings were sources of inspiration.
b.	The only purpose of art was to glorify God.
c.	Poetry, history, and public speaking were important subjects to study.
d.	Talented writers and artists were honored.

114.

What effect did the merchant families have on the Renaissance in Italian cities?

a.	The families wanted everyone to see what their money could buy.
b.	The families used their wealth to keep the trade routes safe.
c.	The families supported the work of scientists and mathematicians.
d.	The families supported arts and learning.

115.

What did Dante and Desiderius Erasmus have in common?

a.	Both were members of the clergy.
b.	Both had studied ancient classical writings.
c.	Both wrote about problems they observed in their societies.
d.	Both lived in Northern Europe.

116.

Machiavelli wanted to have an effect on

a.	religion.	c.	art.
b.	politics.	d.	literature.

117.

How are classical and Renaissance statues alike?

a.	Both feature figures with clothing that is still and without motion.
b.	Both focus on animal figures.
c.	Both feature a few details of human figures.
d.	Both feature realistic and lifelike poses.

118.

What was the most important feature of humanism in northern Europe?

a.	The art of northern Europe showed people working in fields.
b.	Objects were painted clearly.
c.	Artists showed physical flaws.
d.	Scholars combined humanist and religious ideas.

119.

Which word best summarizes the Renaissance?

a.	perspective	c.	change
b.	astronomy	d.	monarchy

120.

Miguel de Cervantes is best known for

a.	Romeo and Juliet.	c.	the Sistine Chapel.
b.	Don Quixote.	d.	the Mona Lisa.

121.

The printing press affected the spread of ideas during the Renaissance the same way that

a.	the Internet affects the spread of ideas today.
b.	the cellular phone affects the spread of ideas today.
c.	digital photographs affect the spread of ideas today.
d.	e-mail allows people to exchange ideas today.

122.

In what way did Desiderius Erasmus differ from Martin Luther?

a.	Erasmus published his ideas.
b.	Erasmus praised the work of church officials.
c.	Erasmus founded the Jesuit order.
d.	Erasmus did not break completely from the Catholic Church.

123.

People supported Martin Luther because

a.	they were also unhappy with church practices.
b.	they wanted to read the Bible in German.
c.	Luther gave out free indulgences.
d.	Luther was a popular priest in Wittenberg.

124.

The Catholic Church tried to prevent the spread of Protestantism in all of these ways except

a.	by seeking out and punishing Protestants.
b.	by allowing Jesuits to use weapons against Protestants.
c.	by creating new religious orders to spread Catholic teachings.
d.	by banning books written by Protestant leaders.

125.

Which three words best describe what took place at the Council of Trent?

a.	service, discipline, education
b.	discussion, debate, reform
c.	investigation, response, excommunication
d.	predestination, self-government, federalism

126.

Which statement best summarizes the Catholic Reformation?

a.	The Catholic Church adopted much-needed changes.
b.	The Jesuits started schools for Catholic children.
c.	The church officially rejected the ideas set out by Martin Luther.
d.	Bishops had to live in the areas they served, and priests had to stop selling indulgences.

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

127.

Arabia lies in a cool, wet region of the world.

128.

Belonging to a tribe probably gave nomads better access to grazing land.

129.

The caravan trade business made many people in Mecca rich.

130.

Mecca’s rulers approved of Muhammad’s teachings and helped spread the Islamic message.

131.

Muhammad was a local merchant in Mecca before he became known for the introduction of Islam.

132.

Many merchants in Mecca rejected the teachings of Muhammad because they did not want to lose money.

133.

Muslims believe that God spoke to Muhammad through an angel.

134.

Muslims consider the Shariah to be the exact word of God as it was told to Muhammad.

135.

Muslims study the hadith, which is a written record of Muhammad’s words and actions.

136.

The Kaaba is Islam’s most sacred place.

137.

Qur´an is another name for Islamic law.

138.

The Qur´an and the Shia guide Muslims in their daily life.

139.

Muslims forced those they conquered to convert to Islam.

140.

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal were formed as Islamic empires after the spread of Islam.

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement.

a.	medieval	h.	missionaries
b.	monks	i.	fiefs
c.	roles	j.	monasteries
d.	peasant	k.	chivalry
e.	manor	l.	vassal
f.	serf	m.	Clovis
g.	Henry II

141.

the Latin word for “Middle Age”

142.

People who try to convert others to a particular religion

143.

Religious men who lived apart from society

144.

Communities of monks

145.

King under whose rule the Franks became Christian

146.

Pieces of land given to knights as payment

147.

Worker who was tied to the land

148.

A large estate owned by a knight or lord

149.

A code of honorable behavior

150.

A small farmer who did not own land

Other

151.

What is the only completely true statement that Calvin’s dad makes in this comic?